              


"SUÓDVMP$JFOUÓmDP4DJFOUJmD1BQFS




68=8.,3$5$(/(9$5/263$5È0(7526&$5$&7(5Ë67,&26'(/


9(+,&/(725$,6(7+(&+$5$&7(5,67,&3$5$0(7(562)7+(

Carlos David Escola Viñan
1
Washington Germán Erazo
2
Danilo Zambrano León
3
Luis Molina Molina
4
1234
Universidad de Fuerzas Armadas ESPE – Departamento de Ciencias de la Energía y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Automotriz, Quijano y
Ordoñez y Marques de Maenza s/n.
e – mail :
1
cdescola1@espe.edu.ec , wgerazo@espe.edu.ec, vdzambrano@espe.edu.ec, lamolina@espe.edu.ec
Revista Energía Mecánica Innovación y Futuro VI Edición 2017, No.1 (19)

      

     

OLWURVGHOYHKtFXOR6X]XNL
      
DYDQFHDOHQFHQGLGRVRQPRGL¿FDGRVHQWLHPSR

       
VRIWZDUH
      
iQJXORV GH DYDQFH DO HQFHQGLGR VH PRGL¿Fy
      
SRVLFLyQGHODPDULSRVDGHOHVWUDQJXODGRU736
      

OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DLUH,$7 GHO UHIULJHUDQWH
GHO PRWRU (&7 )LQDOPHQWH VH HVWDEOHFH OD
      
UHDOL]DUSUXHEDVHVWiQGDU\PRGL¿FDGDV

     
LJQLFLyQWRUTXHSRWHQFLD

7KH UHVHDUFK SUHVHQWV WKH UHVXOWV RI WKH


RIWKHOLWHULQWHUQDOFRPEXVWLRQHQJLQHRIWKH
6X]XNL
7KHSDUDPHWHUVRI WKHIXHO LQMHFWLRQDQGDKHDG
RIWKHLJQLWLRQDUHPRGL¿HGLQUHDOWLPHWKURXJK

PHDQVRID86%FDEOHZLWKWKHVRIWZDUH
      
RQ DUH PRGL¿HG 2EVHUYDWLRQ RI VHQVRU VLJQDOV
WKURWWOHWKURWWOHSRVLWLRQ736DEVROXWHSUHVVXUH

RI WKH &.3 FUDQNVKDIW DLU WHPSHUDWXUH ,$7
HQJLQH FRRODQW (&7 )LQDOO\ WKH YDULDWLRQ RI
      
PRGL¿HGWHVWVDUHSHUIRUPHG
.H\ZRUGV
   

              


"SUÓDVMP$JFOUÓmDP4DJFOUJmD1BQFS



)LJXUD(VTXHPDGHFRQH[LyQ3DQGRR
    

(&8GHWHUPLQDUODSRVLFLyQItVLFDLQLFLDO\¿QDO

     
FRPEXVWLEOHTXHVHYDDLQ\HFWDU(QORVVLVWHPDV


       
       
ÀXMRGHDLUH>@
)LJXUD6HQVRU736+D\DEXVD

GHFRQWURO3DQGRR9HU¿JXUD






FRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWH
     
     
      




 
PDULSRVD GH DFHOHUDFLyQ PHGLGD HQ SRUFHQWDMH
      
     

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  

GHOPRWRUVLQQLQJ~QFDPELRRWUXFDMHPHFiQLFR

      

)LJXUD0HWRGRORJtDGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
      
       
     
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              


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
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(O VHQVRU &.3 GH OD ¿JXUD  VH PRQWD D XQD
GLVWDQFLD PtQLPD GH PP D OD UXHGD IyQLFD


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
       
DODPEUHFDOLHQWH TXH DO VHU HQIULDGR VHJ~Q HO
ÀXMRGHDLUHHQHOP~OWLSOHGHDGPLVLyQHOYROWDMH
GHODPSOL¿FDGRUDXPHQWDHVWRTXLHUHGHFLUTXH
      
VLHQGRXQWHUPLVWRUGHWLSR17&>@

(O PDSD HV OD FRQ¿JXUDFLyQ GHO VLVWHPD GH

FRPEXVWLEOH(VVLPLODUDXQJUi¿FRGHHMH;\HMH
<HOHMH;WLHQHVHQWLGRGHL]TXLHUGDDGHUHFKD
PLHQWUDVTXHHOHMH<WLHQHVHQWLGRGHDUULEDKDFLD
DEDMR(QFDGDSXQWRODFRPSXWDGRUDGDODVHxDO
        
HVSHFt¿FDFRQODFRPELQDFLyQGHYHORFLGDGGHO
PRWRU \ GHPDQGD GH WRUTXH 1RUPDOPHQWH OD

     

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        
OOHJDUDXQDFXUYDD¿QDGDFRQUHVSHFWRDODTXH
SURSRUFLRQDHOIDEULFDQWH
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(QOD¿JXUDHOPDSDWULGLPHQVLRQDOGHDYDQFH

XQD VXSHU¿FLH PX\ SDUHMD R VXDYH TXH SRU OR
WDQWR HVWi VXMHWD D XQD D¿QDFLyQ GH FXUYD FRQ
UHVSHFWRDGLFKDFRUUHFFLyQ
)LJXUD0DSDGHLJQLFLyQ

PDSDVGLPHQVLRQDOHV>@
3DUD FDOLEUDFLRQHV GH LQ\HFFLyQ VH UHFWL¿FD OD



XQDPD\RUSRWHQFLDDDOWDVUHYROXFLRQHVUSP
(Q OD ¿JXUD  HO WLHPSR GH LQ\HFFLyQ PV VH
       
EDUTXHRFXUUHDOFDPELDUGHPDUFKD>@
              


"SUÓDVMP$JFOUÓmDP4DJFOUJmD1BQFS



)LJXUD0DSDGHLQ\HFFLyQ
(QOD¿JXUDVHREVHUYDTXHDEDMDVUHYROXFLRQHV
GRQGHHOVHQVRU0$3SUHVHQWDOHFWXUDVGH
EDU D ±  EDU VH PRGL¿FD SXQWR SRU SXQWR
FRQOD¿QDOLGDGGHDXPHQWDUHOFRPEXVWLEOHHVWH
SURFHVRD¿QDDOPRWRUDUDOHQWt
)LJXUD7LHPSRGHLQ\HFFLyQYVSUHVLyQ
(QOD¿JXUDSDUDDOWDVUHYROXFLRQHVHOQLYHO

¿QDOLGDG GH XQD PD\RU SRWHQFLD HVWR VH ORJUD
FRQXQDFRUUHFFLyQGHPHQRVXQHQWRGDOD
FXUYDDSDUWLUGH±EDUKDVWDEDU
)LJXUD&RUUHFFLyQDEDMDSUHVLRQHV
(Q OD ¿JXUD  HO WLSR GH DMXVWH HV GH XQ 

      
PRGL¿FDUKDFLDDWUiVWRGDODJUi¿FDGHVGH
EDUKDVWDEDU\KDFLDHOIUHQWH7RGRHVWRVH

DODQHFHVLGDGGHORVLQYHVWLJDGRUHV


       
FRQ OD ¿QDOLGDG TXH D SDUWLU GH  USP VH
FRPEXVWLRQHPHMRUODJDVROLQD
(Q OD ¿JXUD  ODV PRGL¿FDFLRQHV
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDSDUWLUUSPVHFRQ¿JXUD
ODFDUJDGHODERELQDDPV\SRVWHULRUPHQWH
DSDUWLUGHUSPODFDUJDGHODERELQDVHUiGH
PV
)LJXUD0DSDGHLJQLFLyQ
'HVGH ORV  D  GHVSXpV GHO 306 OD
FRPEXVWLyQ GHEHUtD ¿QDOL]DU SDUD WHQHU PD\RU

      
SURSDJDFLyQ GH IUHQWH GH OODPD HQWUHPV±
PV/D YHORFLGDG GHSURSDJDFLyQGH IUHQWH
      
OOHQDGRGHOFLOLQGUR3RUORFXDODPHQRUOOHQDGR
       
        

>@
              


"SUÓDVMP$JFOUÓmDP4DJFOUJmD1BQFS



      
        
       
LPSOHPHQWDGR
(QOD¿JXUDVHPXHVWUDODFXUYDGHSRWHQFLDGHO

LQGHSHQGLHQWH,7%UHSURJUDPDGR

(QODWDEODVHYHUL¿FDODGLIHUHQFLDGHSRWHQFLD

HVWUDQJXODFLyQ LQGHSHQGLHQWH ,7% SURJUDPDGR


(QOD¿JXUDHOWRUTXHTXHVHUHSUHVHQWDFRQOD


     


(QOD WDEOD  VHYHUL¿FD HO WRUTXHGHO YHKtFXOR
     
LQGHSHQGLHQWH,7%SURJUDPDGRFRQ3DQGRR


(QOD¿JXUDVHPXHVWUDORVYDORUHVREWHQLGRV
     
HVWiQGDUGHOPRWRU6X]XNL\FRQHOVLVWHPD
LPSOHPHQWDGR

GH+3FRQHOVLVWHPDLPSOHPHQWDGRFRQ
     
Pi[LPDGH+3

(Q OD ¿JXUD  VH PXHVWUD HO SRUFHQWDMH GH
JDQDQFLD QHWD GH   FRQ HO VLVWHPD
LPSOHPHQWDGR

(QOD¿JXUDHOWRUTXHPi[LPRGHOYHKtFXOR
HVWiQGDU REWXYR  NJP PLHQWUDV TXH FRQ
VLVWHPDLPSOHPHQWDGRREWXYRNJPHVWRVH
         
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              
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     
      

SRUSDUWHGHSURIHVLRQDOHVUHODFLRQDGRVDOiUHD
6HLQYHVWLJyHQIXHQWHVELEOLRJUi¿FDVUHOHYDQWHV
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     
LQGHSHQGLHQWH,7%
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HOVLVWHPDGHHVWUDQJXODFLyQLQGHSHQGLHQWH,7%
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FRQHOVLVWHPDLPSOHPHQWDGRHOFXDOVH
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DFWXDGRUHV
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*XD\DTXLOGLVHOL
              


"SUÓDVMP$JFOUÓmDP4DJFOUJmD1BQFS




&DUORV (VFROD 1DFLy HQ

   

 

HOHFWUyQLFRVGHODXWRPyYLO

/DWDFXQJD(FXDGRUHV,QJHQLHUR
  
   
   
  
   
&XUULFXODU0DJtVWHUHQ*HVWLyQGH(QHUJtDV(V
7pFQLFR0iVWHU&,6((OHFWURQLFVHQ(OHFWUyQLFD
GHO $XWRPyYLO \ 9HKtFXORV +tEULGRV 'RFHQWH

GHVGH,PSDUWHVHUYLFLRVGHDVHVRUDPLHQWR
     

9tFWRU 'DQLOR =DPEUDQR /HyQ



   


     

/XLV0ROLQD0ROLQD,QJ$XWRPRWUL]'RFHQWH
GH OD 8QLGDG GH *HVWLyQ GH 7HFQRORJtDV GH OD
8QLYHUVLGDGGH)XHU]DV$UPDGDV(63(




