Resumen
Se presentan los avances realizados en el desarrollo de generadores de peines de frecuencias ópticas (OFCG Frequency Comb Generator) mediante circuitos integrados fotónicos (PIC, Photonic Integrated Circuits). Estos son diseñados y fabricados en un proceso de construcción común en plataformas genéricas de integración. Se muestran los resultados experimentales de las diferentes clases de OFCG destacándose los grandes anchos de banda logrados, en el orden de THz. Se resalta la factibilidad de disponer circuitos fotónicos miniaturizados en sistemas de banda ancha y otras aplicaciones futuras en el marco de la nanotecnología.Referencias
[1] S. Bennett, B. Cai, E. Burr, O. Gough, and A. J. Seeds, “1.8-THz bandwidth, zero-frequency error, tunable optical comb generator for DWDM applications,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 551–553, May 1999.
[2] Silva, C.F.C. y Seeds, A.J., “A dense WDM source for high spectral efficiency system using comb generation and SG-DBR injection-locked laser filtering”, in European Conference on Optical Communication, 2001.
[3] International Telecommunications Union, https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.692-199810-I/es.
[4] T. Sakamoto, T. Kawanishi and M. Izutsu, “Widely wavelength-tunable ultra-flat frequency comb generation using conventional dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator”, Electronic Letters, vol 43, pp. 1039-1040, 2007.
[5] J. Zhang, J. Yu, N. Chi, Z. Dong, X. Li, Y. Shao, J. Yu and L. Tao, “Flattened comb generation using only phase modulators driven by fundamental frequency sinusoidal sources with small frequency offset,” Opt. Letters., vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 552–4, Feb. 2013.
[6] K. Ho and J. Kahn, “Optical frequency comb generator using phase modulation in amplified circulating loop,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 721–725, 1993.
[7] E. A. Avrutin, J. H. Marsh and E. L. Portnoi, "Monolithic and multi-gigahertz mode-locked semiconductor lasers: constructions, experiments, models and applications," in IEE Proceedings Optoelectronics, vol. 147, no. 4, pp. 251-278, Aug. 2000.
[8] M. Smit, X. Leijtens, E. Bente, J. Van der Tol, H. Ambrosius, D. Robbins, M. Wale, N. Grote, and M. Schell, “Generic foundry model for InP-based photonics,” IET Optoelectron., vol. 5, no. 5, p. 187, 2011.
[9] N. Dupuis, C. R. Doerr, L. Zhang, L. Chen, N. J. Sauer, P. Dong, L. L. Buhl, y D. Ahn, “InP-based comb generator for optical OFDM”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 466–472, 2012.
[10] T. Saikai, T. Yamamoto, H. Yasaka and E. Yamada., “Flat-top Optical Frequency Comb Block Generation using InP-based Mach-Zehnder Modulator”, in Proc. of the 25th International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials, IPRM2013, Kobe, Japan, May. 2013, paper MoD3-3.
[11] Z. Wang, K. Van Gasse, V. Moskalenko, S. Latkowski, E. Bente, B. Kuyken y G. Roelkens, “A III-V-on-Si ultra-dense comb laser”, Journal Light: Science &Amp; Applications, Vol 6, e16260, 2017.
[12] S. Arafin and L. A. Coldren, "Advanced InP Photonic Integrated Circuits for Communication and Sensing," in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1-12, Jan.-Feb. 2018.
[13] J. S. Parker, A. Bhardwaj, P. R. A. Binetti, Y-J. Hung, and L. A. Coldren, “Monolithically Integrated Gain-Flattened Ring Mode-Locked Laser for Comb-Line Generation,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 131–133, Jan. 2012.
[14] OCLARO. http://www.oclaro.com/technology/photonic-integration/
[15] J. Zhao, “Integrated Multi-Wavelenght Transmitter using Filtered-Feedback”, Thesis dissertation, The Netherlands, 2013.
[16] Y. Dou, H. Zhang and M. Yao, "Generation of Flat Optical-Frequency Comb Using Cascaded Intensity and Phase Modulators," in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 727-729, May 2012.
[17] E. Bente, V. Moskalenko, S. Latkowski, S. Tahvili, L. Augustin and M. Smit, “Monolithically integrated InP-based modelocked ring laser systems”, Proc. of SPIE, vol. 9134, pp. 91340C-1–91340C-10, 2014.
[18] K. A. Williams, M G Thompson and I H White “Long-wavelength monolithic mode-locked diode lasers” New Journal of Physics Vol. 6, 179, 2004.
[19] V. Moskalenko, J. Javaloyes, S. Balle, M. K. Smit and E. A. J. M. Bente, "Theoretical Study of Colliding Pulse Passively Mode-Locked Semiconductor Ring Lasers With an Intracavity Mach–Zehnder Modulator," in IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 415-422, Jun. 2014.
[20] SMART PHOTONICS. http://www.smartphotonics.nl/
[21] L. Chen, C. R. Doerr, N. Dupuis, “Tunable optical frequency comb generator”, United States Patent application publication, Sep. 13, 2012.
[2] Silva, C.F.C. y Seeds, A.J., “A dense WDM source for high spectral efficiency system using comb generation and SG-DBR injection-locked laser filtering”, in European Conference on Optical Communication, 2001.
[3] International Telecommunications Union, https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.692-199810-I/es.
[4] T. Sakamoto, T. Kawanishi and M. Izutsu, “Widely wavelength-tunable ultra-flat frequency comb generation using conventional dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator”, Electronic Letters, vol 43, pp. 1039-1040, 2007.
[5] J. Zhang, J. Yu, N. Chi, Z. Dong, X. Li, Y. Shao, J. Yu and L. Tao, “Flattened comb generation using only phase modulators driven by fundamental frequency sinusoidal sources with small frequency offset,” Opt. Letters., vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 552–4, Feb. 2013.
[6] K. Ho and J. Kahn, “Optical frequency comb generator using phase modulation in amplified circulating loop,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 721–725, 1993.
[7] E. A. Avrutin, J. H. Marsh and E. L. Portnoi, "Monolithic and multi-gigahertz mode-locked semiconductor lasers: constructions, experiments, models and applications," in IEE Proceedings Optoelectronics, vol. 147, no. 4, pp. 251-278, Aug. 2000.
[8] M. Smit, X. Leijtens, E. Bente, J. Van der Tol, H. Ambrosius, D. Robbins, M. Wale, N. Grote, and M. Schell, “Generic foundry model for InP-based photonics,” IET Optoelectron., vol. 5, no. 5, p. 187, 2011.
[9] N. Dupuis, C. R. Doerr, L. Zhang, L. Chen, N. J. Sauer, P. Dong, L. L. Buhl, y D. Ahn, “InP-based comb generator for optical OFDM”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 466–472, 2012.
[10] T. Saikai, T. Yamamoto, H. Yasaka and E. Yamada., “Flat-top Optical Frequency Comb Block Generation using InP-based Mach-Zehnder Modulator”, in Proc. of the 25th International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials, IPRM2013, Kobe, Japan, May. 2013, paper MoD3-3.
[11] Z. Wang, K. Van Gasse, V. Moskalenko, S. Latkowski, E. Bente, B. Kuyken y G. Roelkens, “A III-V-on-Si ultra-dense comb laser”, Journal Light: Science &Amp; Applications, Vol 6, e16260, 2017.
[12] S. Arafin and L. A. Coldren, "Advanced InP Photonic Integrated Circuits for Communication and Sensing," in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1-12, Jan.-Feb. 2018.
[13] J. S. Parker, A. Bhardwaj, P. R. A. Binetti, Y-J. Hung, and L. A. Coldren, “Monolithically Integrated Gain-Flattened Ring Mode-Locked Laser for Comb-Line Generation,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 131–133, Jan. 2012.
[14] OCLARO. http://www.oclaro.com/technology/photonic-integration/
[15] J. Zhao, “Integrated Multi-Wavelenght Transmitter using Filtered-Feedback”, Thesis dissertation, The Netherlands, 2013.
[16] Y. Dou, H. Zhang and M. Yao, "Generation of Flat Optical-Frequency Comb Using Cascaded Intensity and Phase Modulators," in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 727-729, May 2012.
[17] E. Bente, V. Moskalenko, S. Latkowski, S. Tahvili, L. Augustin and M. Smit, “Monolithically integrated InP-based modelocked ring laser systems”, Proc. of SPIE, vol. 9134, pp. 91340C-1–91340C-10, 2014.
[18] K. A. Williams, M G Thompson and I H White “Long-wavelength monolithic mode-locked diode lasers” New Journal of Physics Vol. 6, 179, 2004.
[19] V. Moskalenko, J. Javaloyes, S. Balle, M. K. Smit and E. A. J. M. Bente, "Theoretical Study of Colliding Pulse Passively Mode-Locked Semiconductor Ring Lasers With an Intracavity Mach–Zehnder Modulator," in IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 415-422, Jun. 2014.
[20] SMART PHOTONICS. http://www.smartphotonics.nl/
[21] L. Chen, C. R. Doerr, N. Dupuis, “Tunable optical frequency comb generator”, United States Patent application publication, Sep. 13, 2012.
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