CAUDALES ECOLÓGICOS PARA CUENCAS ECUATORIANAS DETERMINADOS POR EL MÉTODO DE LA PENDIENTE DE LA CURVA DE MASAS
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Published:
Feb 12, 2020
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Abstract
Este estudio presenta los resultados del cálculo de los caudales ecológicos para tres condiciones: base, mantenimiento y máximo de cuencas ecuatorianas que se dispone de datos hidrométricos; a partir de la metodología denominada Mátodo de Pendiente de la Curva de Masa. Para el Ecuador establecer dichos caudales es de vital imporancia para la preservación de los ecositemas naturales, tomando en cuenta que actualmente la inversión en obras hidráulicas como presas, centrales hidroelecticas, obras de contección y otras es muy alta. Los resultados obtenidos permiten establecer una línea base para todos los proyectos, que de alguna manera afectan a los ecosistemas fluviales de las cuencas geográficas del Ecuador, en concordancia con la disponibilidad del agua. Se presenta en forma gráfica los valores de los caudales ecológicos de acuerdo a la ubicación de las estaciones hidrométricas, permitiendo de esta manera apreciar la magnitud de variación espacial de los caudales.
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CAUDALES ECOLÓGICOS PARA CUENCAS ECUATORIANAS DETERMINADOS POR EL MÉTODO DE LA PENDIENTE DE LA CURVA DE MASAS. (2020). Revista Geoespacial, 14(2), 36-49. https://journal.espe.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revista-geoespacial/article/view/1601
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How to Cite
CAUDALES ECOLÓGICOS PARA CUENCAS ECUATORIANAS DETERMINADOS POR EL MÉTODO DE LA PENDIENTE DE LA CURVA DE MASAS. (2020). Revista Geoespacial, 14(2), 36-49. https://journal.espe.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revista-geoespacial/article/view/1601
References
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Alcazar, J. (2007). The basic flow method for determining maintenance flows. Application to the Ebro basin. Doctoral Thesis. University of Lleida, School of Agricultural Engineering, Lleida, Spain. 179pp
Alfredsen K. (1998). Habitat modelling in Norway—an overview of projects and future developments. In Hydroecological Modelling. Research, Practice, Legislation and Decisionmaking, Blazˇkova´ Sˇ, Stalnaker C, Novicky´ O (eds). Report by US Geological Survey, Biological Research Division and Water Research Institute, Fort Collins, and Water Research Institute, Praha, Czech Republic. VUV: Praha; 33–35.
Arnaud-Fassetta G., F. Bertrandb, S. Costac & R. Davidsonc. (2006). The western lagoon marshes of the Ria Formosa (Southern Portugal): Sediment-vegetation dynamics, long-term to shortterm changes and perspective. Continental Shelf Research, 26: 363-384.
Arthington, A. H., Bunn, S. E., Poff, N. L. and Naiman, R. J. (2006). The challenge of providing environmental flow rules to sustain river ecosystems. Ecological Applications, 16(4), 1311-1318.
Arthington, A. H., Bunn, S. E., Poff, N. L. and Naiman, R. J. (2006). The challenge of providing environmental flow rules to sustain river ecosystems. Ecological Applications, 16(4), 1311-1318.
Baron, J. S., Poff, N. L., Angermeier, P. L., Dahm, C. N., Gleick, P. H., Hairston, N. G., Jackson,
R.B., Johnston, C.A., Richter, B.D. and Steinman, A. D. (2002). Meeting ecological and societal needs for freshwater. Ecological Applications, 12(5), 1247-1260.
Borja, Á., Galparsoro, I., Solaun, O., Muxika, I., Tello, E. M., Uriarte, A. and Valencia, V. (2006). The European Water Framework Directive and the DPSIR, a methodological approach to assess the risk of failing to achieve good ecological status. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 66(1), 84-96.
Bunn, S. E. and Arthington, A. H. (2002). Basic principles and ecological consequences of altered flow regimes for aquatic biodiversity. Environmental management, 30(4), 492-507.
Cairns, J. and Pratt, J. R. (1993). A history of biological monitoring using benthic macroinvertebrates. Freshwater biomonitoring and benthic macroinvertebrates, 10, 27.
Cui, B., Tang, N., Zhao, X. and Bai, J. (2009). A management-oriented valuation method to determine ecological water requirement for wetlands in the Yellow River Delta of China. Journal for Nature Conservation, 17(3), 129-141.
Chamber of Deputies of the H. Congress of the Union., 2002. Regulation of the Law of National Waters. México: 69pp
Davies, S. P. and Jackson, S. K. (2006). The biological condition gradient: a descriptive model for interpreting change in aquatic ecosystems. Ecological Applications, 16(4), 1251-1266.
Dudgeon, D., Arthington, A. H., Gessner, M. O., Kawabata, Z. I., Knowler, D. J., Lévêque, C., Naiman, R.J., Prieur-Richard, A.H., Soto, D., Stiassny, M.L.J. and Sullivan, C. A. (2006). Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges. Biological
reviews, 81(2), 163-182.
Dunbar MJ, Gustard A, Acreman MC, Elliott CRN. 1998. Review of Overseas Approaches to Setting River Flow Objectives. Environment Agency R&D Technical Report W6B(96)4. Institute of Hydrology: Wallingford, UK: 82pp
Energy and Fuel Ministry of the Russian Federation, 2007. Guidelines for drawing up rules for the use of water reservoirs of hydro power plants. Minener, Moscow, Russia; 78pp
French Government, 1984. About freshwater fisheries and the management of fishery resources., French Water Law Nº 84-512., France: 2039 https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000692732&categorieLien=id
Garcia, E. and Paz, G., 1997. Estimation of the water needs for the conservation of river ecology of rivers regulated. Mexican Federation of Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences,Mexico: 8pp
Griffin, R. C., and C. Chang, Seasonality in community water demand, West. J. Agtic. Econ., 16, 207-217, 1991.
Hill, M. T., Platts, W. S. and Beschta, R. L. (1991). Ecological and geomorphological concepts for instream and out-of-channel flow requirements. Rivers, 2(3), 198-210.
INAMHI (Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología), 2005. Estudio Hidrológico del río Mira. INAMHI, Quito, Ecuador: 55pp.
INAMHI (Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología), 2014. 1963-2010 Anuarios y Documentos. Quito, Ecuador: 149pp
Jowett, I. G. (1997). Instream flow methods: a comparison of approaches. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 13(2), 115-127.
King, J.M. and Louw, M.D., (1998). Instream flow assessments for regulated rivers in South Africa using the Building Block Methodology. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 1: 109–124.
King, J.M., Tharme, R.E. and Brown, C.A., (1999). Definition and Implementation of Instream Flows. Thematic Report for the World Commission on Dams. Southern Waters Ecological Research and Consulting: Cape Town, South Africa: 87pp
King, J.M. and Tharme, R.E., 1994. Assessment of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology and Initial Development of Alternative Instream Flow Methodologies for South Africa. Water Research Commission Report No. 295/1/94. Water Research Commission: Pretoria, South Africa: 339pp
McCarl, B. A., Dillon, C. R., Keplinger, K. O. and Williams, R. L. (1999). Limiting pumping from the Edwards Aquifer: an economic investigation of proposals, water markets, and spring flow guarantees. Water Resources Research, 35(4), 1257-1268.
Mexican Standard NMX-AA-159-SCFI-2012, 2012. Establishes the procedure for determining the ecological flow in watersheds. Mexico, 2: 123pp Poff, N. L. and Zimmerman, J. K. (2010). Ecological responses to altered flow regimes: a literature review to inform the science and management of environmental flows. Freshwater Biology, 55(1), 194-205.
Poff, N. L., Allan, J. D., Bain, M. B., Karr, J. R., Prestegaard, K. L., Richter, B. D., Spark, R.E. and Stromberg, J. C. (1997). The natural flow regime. BioScience, 47(11), 769-784.
Poff, N. L., Richter, B. D., Arthington, A. H., Bunn, S. E., Naiman, R. J., Kendy, E., Acreman, M., Apse, C., Bledsoe, B., Freeman, M.C., Henriksen, J., Jacobson, R., Kennen, J.G., Merritt, D.M., O´Keeffe, J.H., Olden, J.D., Rogers, K., Tharme, R.E. and Warner, A., (2010). The
ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA): a new framework for developing regional environmental flow standards. Freshwater Biology, 55(1), 147-170.
Richter, B. D., Mathews, R., Harrison, D. L. and Wigington, R. (2003). Ecologically sustainable water management: managing river flows for ecological integrity. Ecological applications, 13(1), 206-224.
Richter, B., Baumgartner, J., Wigington, R. and Braun, D. (1997). How much water does a river need?. Freshwater biology, 37(1), 231-249.
Richter, B., Baumgartner, J., Wigington, R. and Braun, D. (1997). How much water does a river need?. Freshwater biology, 37(1), 231-249.
Sandoval Erazo, W., Carrera Villacrés, D., Masabanda Caisaguano, M., and Arce Nasimba, E., (2016). Proposed Methodology for Determining the Ecological Flow with Hydrometric Data. World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium, Prague, Czech Republic. IOP
Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 44, No. 2, p. 022030). IOP Publishing: 11.
Sandoval, W. and Aguilera, E., 2014. Determination of flow in basins with little information. UNAMI Science; 2014, Milagro, Ecuador. 7, (2): 100-110.
SENAGUA (Secretaría del Agua del Ecuador), 2009. Delimitación y Codificación de Unidades Hidrográficas del Ecuador. SENAGUA, Quito, Ecuador: 50pp
Smakhtin, V. U. (2001). Low flow hydrology: a review. Journal of hydrology, 240(3), 147-186. Stalnaker C.B. and Arnette, S.C., 1976. Methodologies for the Determination of Stream Resource Flow Requirements: An Assessment. US Fish and Wildlife Services, Office of Biological Services Western Water Association: 199pp
Tennant, D. (1976). Instream Flow Regimes for Fish. Wildlife, Recreation and Related environmental Resources. en: Fisheries, 1, (4): 6-10.
Tharme, R. E. (2003). A global perspective on environmental flow assessment: emerging trends in the development and application of environmental flow methodologies for rivers. River research and applications, 19(5‐6), 397-441.
Vaux, H. J., and R. E. Howitt, Managing water scarcity: An evaluation of interregional transfers, Water Resour. Res., 20, 785-792, 1984.
Ward, F. A., and T. P. Lynch, Is dominant use management compatible with basin-wide economic efficiency?, Water Resour. Res., 33, 1165- 1170, 1997.
Ward, J. V. and Stanford, J. A. (1995). Ecological connectivity in alluvial river ecosystems and its disruption by flow regulation. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 11(1), 105-119.
Wiens, J. A. (1992). Ecological flows across landscape boundaries: a conceptual overview. In Landscape boundaries (pp. 217-235). Springer New York.
Alcazar, J. (2007). The basic flow method for determining maintenance flows. Application to the Ebro basin. Doctoral Thesis. University of Lleida, School of Agricultural Engineering, Lleida, Spain. 179pp
Alfredsen K. (1998). Habitat modelling in Norway—an overview of projects and future developments. In Hydroecological Modelling. Research, Practice, Legislation and Decisionmaking, Blazˇkova´ Sˇ, Stalnaker C, Novicky´ O (eds). Report by US Geological Survey, Biological Research Division and Water Research Institute, Fort Collins, and Water Research Institute, Praha, Czech Republic. VUV: Praha; 33–35.
Arnaud-Fassetta G., F. Bertrandb, S. Costac & R. Davidsonc. (2006). The western lagoon marshes of the Ria Formosa (Southern Portugal): Sediment-vegetation dynamics, long-term to shortterm changes and perspective. Continental Shelf Research, 26: 363-384.
Arthington, A. H., Bunn, S. E., Poff, N. L. and Naiman, R. J. (2006). The challenge of providing environmental flow rules to sustain river ecosystems. Ecological Applications, 16(4), 1311-1318.
Arthington, A. H., Bunn, S. E., Poff, N. L. and Naiman, R. J. (2006). The challenge of providing environmental flow rules to sustain river ecosystems. Ecological Applications, 16(4), 1311-1318.
Baron, J. S., Poff, N. L., Angermeier, P. L., Dahm, C. N., Gleick, P. H., Hairston, N. G., Jackson,
R.B., Johnston, C.A., Richter, B.D. and Steinman, A. D. (2002). Meeting ecological and societal needs for freshwater. Ecological Applications, 12(5), 1247-1260.
Borja, Á., Galparsoro, I., Solaun, O., Muxika, I., Tello, E. M., Uriarte, A. and Valencia, V. (2006). The European Water Framework Directive and the DPSIR, a methodological approach to assess the risk of failing to achieve good ecological status. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 66(1), 84-96.
Bunn, S. E. and Arthington, A. H. (2002). Basic principles and ecological consequences of altered flow regimes for aquatic biodiversity. Environmental management, 30(4), 492-507.
Cairns, J. and Pratt, J. R. (1993). A history of biological monitoring using benthic macroinvertebrates. Freshwater biomonitoring and benthic macroinvertebrates, 10, 27.
Cui, B., Tang, N., Zhao, X. and Bai, J. (2009). A management-oriented valuation method to determine ecological water requirement for wetlands in the Yellow River Delta of China. Journal for Nature Conservation, 17(3), 129-141.
Chamber of Deputies of the H. Congress of the Union., 2002. Regulation of the Law of National Waters. México: 69pp
Davies, S. P. and Jackson, S. K. (2006). The biological condition gradient: a descriptive model for interpreting change in aquatic ecosystems. Ecological Applications, 16(4), 1251-1266.
Dudgeon, D., Arthington, A. H., Gessner, M. O., Kawabata, Z. I., Knowler, D. J., Lévêque, C., Naiman, R.J., Prieur-Richard, A.H., Soto, D., Stiassny, M.L.J. and Sullivan, C. A. (2006). Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges. Biological
reviews, 81(2), 163-182.
Dunbar MJ, Gustard A, Acreman MC, Elliott CRN. 1998. Review of Overseas Approaches to Setting River Flow Objectives. Environment Agency R&D Technical Report W6B(96)4. Institute of Hydrology: Wallingford, UK: 82pp
Energy and Fuel Ministry of the Russian Federation, 2007. Guidelines for drawing up rules for the use of water reservoirs of hydro power plants. Minener, Moscow, Russia; 78pp
French Government, 1984. About freshwater fisheries and the management of fishery resources., French Water Law Nº 84-512., France: 2039 https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000692732&categorieLien=id
Garcia, E. and Paz, G., 1997. Estimation of the water needs for the conservation of river ecology of rivers regulated. Mexican Federation of Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences,Mexico: 8pp
Griffin, R. C., and C. Chang, Seasonality in community water demand, West. J. Agtic. Econ., 16, 207-217, 1991.
Hill, M. T., Platts, W. S. and Beschta, R. L. (1991). Ecological and geomorphological concepts for instream and out-of-channel flow requirements. Rivers, 2(3), 198-210.
INAMHI (Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología), 2005. Estudio Hidrológico del río Mira. INAMHI, Quito, Ecuador: 55pp.
INAMHI (Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología), 2014. 1963-2010 Anuarios y Documentos. Quito, Ecuador: 149pp
Jowett, I. G. (1997). Instream flow methods: a comparison of approaches. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 13(2), 115-127.
King, J.M. and Louw, M.D., (1998). Instream flow assessments for regulated rivers in South Africa using the Building Block Methodology. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 1: 109–124.
King, J.M., Tharme, R.E. and Brown, C.A., (1999). Definition and Implementation of Instream Flows. Thematic Report for the World Commission on Dams. Southern Waters Ecological Research and Consulting: Cape Town, South Africa: 87pp
King, J.M. and Tharme, R.E., 1994. Assessment of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology and Initial Development of Alternative Instream Flow Methodologies for South Africa. Water Research Commission Report No. 295/1/94. Water Research Commission: Pretoria, South Africa: 339pp
McCarl, B. A., Dillon, C. R., Keplinger, K. O. and Williams, R. L. (1999). Limiting pumping from the Edwards Aquifer: an economic investigation of proposals, water markets, and spring flow guarantees. Water Resources Research, 35(4), 1257-1268.
Mexican Standard NMX-AA-159-SCFI-2012, 2012. Establishes the procedure for determining the ecological flow in watersheds. Mexico, 2: 123pp Poff, N. L. and Zimmerman, J. K. (2010). Ecological responses to altered flow regimes: a literature review to inform the science and management of environmental flows. Freshwater Biology, 55(1), 194-205.
Poff, N. L., Allan, J. D., Bain, M. B., Karr, J. R., Prestegaard, K. L., Richter, B. D., Spark, R.E. and Stromberg, J. C. (1997). The natural flow regime. BioScience, 47(11), 769-784.
Poff, N. L., Richter, B. D., Arthington, A. H., Bunn, S. E., Naiman, R. J., Kendy, E., Acreman, M., Apse, C., Bledsoe, B., Freeman, M.C., Henriksen, J., Jacobson, R., Kennen, J.G., Merritt, D.M., O´Keeffe, J.H., Olden, J.D., Rogers, K., Tharme, R.E. and Warner, A., (2010). The
ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA): a new framework for developing regional environmental flow standards. Freshwater Biology, 55(1), 147-170.
Richter, B. D., Mathews, R., Harrison, D. L. and Wigington, R. (2003). Ecologically sustainable water management: managing river flows for ecological integrity. Ecological applications, 13(1), 206-224.
Richter, B., Baumgartner, J., Wigington, R. and Braun, D. (1997). How much water does a river need?. Freshwater biology, 37(1), 231-249.
Richter, B., Baumgartner, J., Wigington, R. and Braun, D. (1997). How much water does a river need?. Freshwater biology, 37(1), 231-249.
Sandoval Erazo, W., Carrera Villacrés, D., Masabanda Caisaguano, M., and Arce Nasimba, E., (2016). Proposed Methodology for Determining the Ecological Flow with Hydrometric Data. World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium, Prague, Czech Republic. IOP
Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 44, No. 2, p. 022030). IOP Publishing: 11.
Sandoval, W. and Aguilera, E., 2014. Determination of flow in basins with little information. UNAMI Science; 2014, Milagro, Ecuador. 7, (2): 100-110.
SENAGUA (Secretaría del Agua del Ecuador), 2009. Delimitación y Codificación de Unidades Hidrográficas del Ecuador. SENAGUA, Quito, Ecuador: 50pp
Smakhtin, V. U. (2001). Low flow hydrology: a review. Journal of hydrology, 240(3), 147-186. Stalnaker C.B. and Arnette, S.C., 1976. Methodologies for the Determination of Stream Resource Flow Requirements: An Assessment. US Fish and Wildlife Services, Office of Biological Services Western Water Association: 199pp
Tennant, D. (1976). Instream Flow Regimes for Fish. Wildlife, Recreation and Related environmental Resources. en: Fisheries, 1, (4): 6-10.
Tharme, R. E. (2003). A global perspective on environmental flow assessment: emerging trends in the development and application of environmental flow methodologies for rivers. River research and applications, 19(5‐6), 397-441.
Vaux, H. J., and R. E. Howitt, Managing water scarcity: An evaluation of interregional transfers, Water Resour. Res., 20, 785-792, 1984.
Ward, F. A., and T. P. Lynch, Is dominant use management compatible with basin-wide economic efficiency?, Water Resour. Res., 33, 1165- 1170, 1997.
Ward, J. V. and Stanford, J. A. (1995). Ecological connectivity in alluvial river ecosystems and its disruption by flow regulation. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 11(1), 105-119.
Wiens, J. A. (1992). Ecological flows across landscape boundaries: a conceptual overview. In Landscape boundaries (pp. 217-235). Springer New York.