ANÁLISIS EXPERIMENTAL DE LA ABSORCIÓN DE ENERGÍA DE ELEMENTOSTUBULARES DE FIBRA DE CARBONO DE SECCIÓN CUADRADA SOMETIDOS AIMPACTOS TRANSVERSALES

Resumen

El uso de materiales compuestos laminados en
aplicaciones estructurales sigue creciendo debido a
sus excelentes propiedades mecánicas específicas.
Los laminados de fibra de carbono son ampliamente
utilizados en la fabricación de estructuras primarias,
como las vigas de impacto de las puertas laterales
y los parachoques de los turismos, estas estructuras
funcionan como elementos de seguridad pasiva y
durante su vida útil están expuestas a cargas dinámicas.
En este trabajo se estudia la capacidad de absorción
de energía de elementos tubulares fabricados con fibra
de carbono/epoxi (AS4/8552), que fueron impactados
en una torre de caída a varias energías de impacto.
Se evaluó la carga aplicada, la energía absorbida, el
desplazamiento máximo, la indentación instantánea
del impacto y el tiempo de contacto. Se observó una
relación lineal entre la energía absorbida/masa, la
relación desplazamiento vertical máximo/masa y la
relación indentación instantánea/masa con respecto
a la energía de impacto. Se identificaron las cargas
correspondientes a: el umbral de agrietamiento de la
matriz y de delaminación de los elementos tubulares
sometidos a impacto de baja velocidad.

Palabras Clave: Laminados, carbono, energía,
impacto, velocidad.

Abstract
The use of laminate composite materials in
structural applications continue growing due to their
excellent specific mechanical properties. Laminates
of carbon fibre are widely used in the manufacture of
primary structural, such as side-door impact beams
and bumpers for passenger cars, these structures
work as passive safety elements and during its service
life are exposed to dynamic loads. In this work, it
studies the capacity of energy-absorption of tubular
elements were manufactured by woven carbon fibre/
epoxy (AS4/8552), which were impacted in the tower
drop at several impact energies. It were evaluating
the applied load, the absorbed energy, the maximum
displacement, the instant impact indentation and the
contact time. It was observed a linear relationship
between the absorbed energy/mass ratio, the maximum
vertical displacement/mass ratio and, instant impact
indentation/mass ratio regarding to the impact
energy. It was identified the loads corresponding to:
the matrix cracking and delamination threshold of
tubular elements subjected to low-velocity impact.

Keywords: Laminate, carbon, energy, impact, velocity

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